The structure of a bureaucratic organization bizfluent. The number of managers, executives and supervisors have increased by 90 percent between 1983 and 2014. Although often associated with excessive paperwork in modern times, a bureaucratic organization was originally intended to have a hierarchical or pyramidal structure to help achieve the. Alternatively, this type of structure can hinder productivity. A structure of form is created by specifying the duties and responsibilities and reporting relationships within a command hierarchy. Advantages and disadvantages of bureaucracy management. Bureaucratic organization and educational change ralph b.
A comparative analysis of hotel real estate investment trusts reits and hotel ccorporations by purva gujar submitted to the program in real estate development in conjunction with the center for real estate on july 30, 2012 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the. Ia proper hierarchy is maintained, and hence a clear set of six principles were framed. According to the bureaucratic theory of max weber, bureaucracy is the basis for the systematic formation of any organisation and is designed to ensure efficiency and economic effectiveness. In matrix type of organizational structure, the company uses teams to complete tasks in combination with the project type of organizational structure. Bureaucratic structures and processes reflected what weber took to be the dominant cog nitive orientation of modern societies. A bureaucratic organization provides the advantages of specialization because every member is assigned a specialized task to perform. In the freewheeling 60s, it was an insult to call someone a bureaucrat. When an organization is able to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the various structures they can utilize it for improving their company. The teams are formed based on the functions they belong to and product they are involved in. Firstly, bureaucracies had a formal and unambiguous hierarchical structure of. Max weber, a german scientist, defines bureaucracy as a highly structured, formalized, and also an impersonal organization. In this section i will attempt to assess how postbureaucracy transforms the structure of. Adhocracy is also referred to as the modern organization structure, in novative organization that c an adapt to the c hanging.
Organizational structure is a way or method by which organizational activities are divided, organized and coordinated. The effectiveness of communications in hierarchical. The bureaucratic organization is very organized with a high degree of formality in the way it operates. Today, more american employees are working in bureaucratic organizations than ever before. The school organizational inventory was administered to teachers in a sample of relatively homogeneous secondary schools to tap the concept. Organizational structure is a system that consists of explicit and implicit institutional rules and policies designed to outline how various work roles and responsibilities are delegated. A streamlined course for students and business people. Defining and solving the organizational structure problems. When two or more people work together to achieve a group result, it is an organization. Equally, large and established companies often become bureaucratic because the rules, policies, and management layers. The two authority structures of bureaucratic organizatino jstor. First, the structure is hierarchical, which means there are clearly ordered levels of management, where lower levels are subordinate, or answerable, to higher levels. Bureaucratic management theory developed by max weber, contained two essential elements, including structuring an organization into a hierarchy and having clearly defined rules to help govern an organization and its members.
Bureaucratic structures bureaucratic structures maintain strict hierarchies when it comes to people management. Bureaucratic structures and organizational performance. Organization an organization is not a structure or a set of plans and processes. Formalized, rulebased organizational structures that. With machine bureaucracy, the works of complex environments cannot be rationalized into simple tasks. Max weber a german sociologist propounded the theory called principle of bureaucracy a theory related to authority structure and relations in the 19 th century. The organizations created the structures to coordinate the activities of work.
Pdf this entry begins by describing the classical definition of bureaucracy developed. Which in turn is controlled by another layer of leaders. Elsaid is currently pursuing doctor of philosophy ph. He also instituted the belief that an organization must have a defined hierarchical structure and clear rules, regulations, and lines of authority which govern it. Each employee has a clearly defined role and responsibilities. These include lack of flexibility, resistance to change. Bureaucratic leadership relies on a strict and formal hierarchy, which guarantees members within the organization are aware of the structure. The impact of bureaucratic structure in organizations. Defined by four specific features including a clear hierarchy and a rigid division of labor, a bureaucracy can provide stability and security, while discouraging favoritism. A bureaucracy can be an effective means of organization in a business. A type of business structure popular among governments and public administrations that were influenced by the thinking of max weber. Machine bureaucracy is found in environments that are simple and stable.
A bureaucratic structure has both advantages and disadvantages. One traditional organization, established in between 20th century another is modern organization. Support for the idea that organizational structure is related to decisionmaking processes comes from. Yet, good management is critical for the survival of an organization. Usually the structure is centralized and there is only one key decision maker. Usually this type of structure can be observed in small scale, startup companies. A functional organizational structure is a structure that consists of activities such as coordination, supervision and task allocation. Analytical comparison of flat and vertical organizational. Rationality, of course, is a loaded word with a multiplicity of meanings, so it is important to be clear on what weber meant by it and how it related to bureaucratic organization. From classical perspective jannatul ferdous department of public administration. The authority is organized in a manner that guarantees a higher level of leadership controls each level of subordinates. Pdf bureaucratic structure reconsidered researchgate. It is an ideal model for management and its administration to bring an organisations power structure into focus. First, the structure is hierarchical, which means there are clearly ordered levels of management, where lower.
Today there are two main flows of organization run concurrently. This paper refers to recent advances in the theory of bureaucracy in order. Max weber bureaucracy theory definition, advantages. An open organizational system will encourage an attitude of inquiry. Organizational structure types bureaucratic structures. Effect of organizational structure, leadership and communication on efficiency and productivity a qualitative study of a public healthcare organization authors. Employees are hired based on their ability to perform the tasks assigned to them. Thus, weber developed the bureaucratic management theory, where he emphasized on a formal organizational structure. To assess the role of rigid rules and procedures on optimal use of resources 3. Organizational structure types following are the types of organizational structures that can be observed in the modern business organizations. Lunenburg sam houston state university abstract henry mintzberg suggests that organizations can be differentiated along three basic dimensions. Bureaucratic structures and processes reflected what weber took to be the dominant cognitive orientation of modern societies. Bureaucracy is a concept in sociology and political science referring to the way that the administrative execution and enforcement of legal rules are socially organized.
Weber believed that authority in the new, bureaucratic organizational form was. Concepts and f0rmats when two or more people work together to achieve a group result, it is an organization. This organizational structure is centralized in the vertical dimension and decentralized in horizontal dimension only to a limited extent mintzberg, 1992. Organizational structure in the hospitality industry. The term organizational structure refers to how the people in an organization are grouped and to whom they report. A bureaucratic structure of an organization has two fundamental characteristics.
After the objectives of an organization are established, the functions that must be performed are determined. The bureaucratic organizational business model is characterized by standardized processes and strict rules. Bureaucratic structures and organizational performance academic. Max weber principle of bureaucratic theory grade 12. A bureaucratic organization is a type of business structure, one that has a specific hierarchy and rules and regulations for everything within the business. Effect of organizational structure, leadership and. Result of the reality, that the communication o f hierarchical organizational structure face some problems in the role of bureaucracy, its cause the goals of target.
We argue that senior public sector managers in closed bureaucratic structures show higher levels of organizational commitment than those in. A bureaucratic organization is a form of management that has a pyramidal command structure. The bureaucratic theory is related to the structure and administrative process of the organization and is given by max weber, who is regarded as the father of bureaucracy. The organizational structure determines how the organization performs or operates. The term bureaucracy means the rules and regulations, processes, procedures, patterns, etc. Researchers have argued that if organizational theory is to be relevant to practitioners, emphasis should be placed on organizational effectiveness and its influencing factors 3640. According to him, bureaucracy is the formal system of organization and administration designed to ensure efficiency and effectiveness. Kimbrough chairman, dtpartimnt of educational administration, university of florida, gainnville is a bureaucratic structure an efficient organization for bringing about desirable changes in educational pro grams. Startups, for example, are notoriously well known for acting quickly, but once they grow beyond a certain point, they struggle to maintain that early momentum. An analysis of the behavior of bureaucratic organizations in a wide variety of situations and a. The functional organizational structure has its own strengths and weaknesses that it provides the organization with.
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